Describes a large, randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of insecticide-treated curtains (ITC) on child mortality that was conducted in an area of seasonal, holoendemic malaria in Burkina Faso. Concludes that widespread implementation of ITC in this area of high malaria transmission led to a modest reduction in the prevalence of malaria infection and to a more substantial reduction in the intensity of these infections which caused increased Hb levels